• Table of Contents

  • Benefits and Risks of Semaglutide Use in Sports
  • Pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide
  • Pharmacodynamics of Semaglutide
  • Potential Benefits of Semaglutide Use in Sports
  • Potential Risks of Semaglutide Use in Sports
  • Real-World Examples
  • Expert Opinion
  • References

Benefits and Risks of Semaglutide Use in Sports

Sports performance and enhancement have always been a topic of interest in the world of sports. Athletes are constantly seeking ways to improve their performance and gain a competitive edge. One method that has gained attention in recent years is the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). Among these PEDs is semaglutide, a medication primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, its potential benefits and risks in sports have sparked debates and discussions among athletes, coaches, and sports organizations. In this article, we will explore the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of semaglutide and discuss its potential benefits and risks in sports.

Pharmacokinetics of Semaglutide

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that works by mimicking the effects of GLP-1, a hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion. It is administered subcutaneously and has a half-life of approximately 7 days, making it a long-acting medication (Aroda et al. 2018). Semaglutide is metabolized by enzymes in the liver and excreted primarily through the kidneys (Kapitza et al. 2015). Its pharmacokinetics make it an attractive option for athletes as it can provide sustained effects over a longer period compared to other PEDs.

Pharmacodynamics of Semaglutide

The primary pharmacodynamic effect of semaglutide is the stimulation of insulin secretion, which leads to improved glucose control in individuals with diabetes. However, in the context of sports, its effects on body composition and performance have been of interest. Studies have shown that semaglutide can lead to weight loss and reduction in body fat percentage (Aroda et al. 2018). This is due to its ability to delay gastric emptying, increase satiety, and reduce food intake (Kapitza et al. 2015). These effects can be beneficial for athletes looking to improve their body composition and achieve a leaner physique.

Potential Benefits of Semaglutide Use in Sports

The potential benefits of semaglutide use in sports are primarily related to its effects on body composition and performance. As mentioned earlier, semaglutide can lead to weight loss and reduction in body fat percentage, which can be advantageous for athletes in sports that require a certain weight or body composition, such as boxing, wrestling, and bodybuilding. Additionally, semaglutide has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose control, which can be beneficial for athletes with diabetes or those at risk of developing it (Aroda et al. 2018). This can help athletes maintain their energy levels and prevent fatigue during training and competition.

Moreover, semaglutide has been found to have positive effects on cardiovascular health, such as reducing blood pressure and improving lipid profiles (Aroda et al. 2018). This can be beneficial for athletes who engage in high-intensity and endurance sports, as it can improve their cardiovascular endurance and performance. Additionally, semaglutide has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, which can aid in recovery from sports-related injuries (Kapitza et al. 2015). This can be particularly beneficial for athletes who engage in contact sports or high-impact activities.

Potential Risks of Semaglutide Use in Sports

While the potential benefits of semaglutide use in sports are promising, there are also potential risks that need to be considered. One of the main concerns is the potential for abuse and misuse of semaglutide by athletes. As a PED, semaglutide can provide athletes with an unfair advantage over their competitors, and its use is prohibited by most sports organizations. Additionally, semaglutide can have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which can affect an athlete’s performance and overall well-being (Aroda et al. 2018). Moreover, semaglutide can also lead to hypoglycemia, which can be dangerous for athletes, especially during training and competition.

Another potential risk of semaglutide use in sports is its potential to mask the use of other PEDs. Semaglutide can affect the levels of certain biomarkers used in anti-doping testing, making it difficult to detect the use of other PEDs (Kapitza et al. 2015). This can be a concern for sports organizations and can lead to unfair competition among athletes.

Real-World Examples

The use of semaglutide in sports has already made headlines in the world of cycling. In 2019, Danish cyclist Jakob Fuglsang was suspended for using semaglutide, which he claimed was for the treatment of diabetes. However, the suspension was later lifted after it was determined that Fuglsang had a valid therapeutic use exemption (TUE) for the medication (Cyclingnews 2019). This incident highlights the potential risks and controversies surrounding the use of semaglutide in sports.

On the other hand, there have also been cases where athletes have used semaglutide for its potential benefits in sports. In 2020, American professional boxer Jarrell Miller tested positive for semaglutide, which he claimed was for weight loss and bodybuilding purposes (ESPN 2020). This incident sparked discussions about the use of semaglutide as a PED in sports and the need for stricter regulations and testing.

Expert Opinion

While the potential benefits of semaglutide use in sports are intriguing, it is important to consider the potential risks and ethical implications. As with any PED, the use of semaglutide can lead to unfair competition and pose health risks to athletes. Therefore, it is crucial for sports organizations to have strict regulations and testing protocols in place to prevent the misuse and abuse of semaglutide and other PEDs.

Furthermore, it is essential for athletes to be educated about the potential risks and consequences of using semaglutide in sports. They should also be aware of the proper use and dosage of the medication and the importance of obtaining a valid TUE if necessary. As with any medication, the use of semaglutide should be closely monitored by a healthcare professional to ensure its safe and appropriate use.

References

Aroda, V. R., Bain, S. C., Cariou, B., Piletic, M., Rose, L., & Axelsen, M. (2018). Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine as add-on to metformin (with or without sulfonylureas) in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 4): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, multinational, phase